Recently, I watched in awe as Robert Cheruiyot of Kenya won his fourth Boston Marathon. This 26.2 mile race is not only the longest continually run marathon in the world (112 years and counting) but the penultimate goal of every distance runner. As the Masters is to golf, so Boston is to marathoning. One of the great joys of the marathon is that it is not just the perview of the elite runners, but embraces and encourages us mere mortals to go the distance. Unlike the hallowed fairways of the Augusta National, where the 20 handicap golfer can only wax philosophically about what it would be like to hit a 5 iron to the green, in Boston, 30,000 common folk can cross the start line and run the same streets as the world class athletes. It is a celebration for any runner who sets and achieves a goal.
The marathon is certainly a metaphor for many things. Take for example our physical fitness. One of the most important lessons you can teach your family is that being active and physically fit is a lifelong journey and not simply a sprint to flame out in our youth. The epidemic of childhood obesity overtaking our country is largely one of inactivity. The average teen will spend 6 hours in a sedentary activity daily (TV, computer,etc) after school hours! Dr.Ken Cooper, the father of the aerobics movement, said, “The only cure for childhood obesity is physical activity.” We, as parents, have to teach our kids by word and deed that exercise is essential to good health both now and throughout their lives. No one starts training for a marathon by running 26 miles at the first session. You take baby steps, running 2 miles, then 3, then 4, eventually building on a foundation that propels you to distances that you couldn’t even imagine running months before. In the same way we need to teach out kids that you don’t need to be the best or fastest or strongest right out of the starting line. Initially, winning is simply beginning! Failure is simply failing to take action. And there is no better teacher than the parent, and no better tool than teaching by example. When I began training for my first marathon 10 years ago, I had never run more than 5 miles at any one time. My kids were 3 and 4 years old so part of my training was building a slow steady mileage increase over a period of several months while pushing one of the little monkeys in a jogging stroller. Granted they were not running themselves, but they were seeing daddy do it, and I would like to think this instilled in their subconscious an understanding that this was normal, healthy behavior (although today my daughters insist that I am very abnormal…for many reasons).
Running a marathon involves both the brains and the brawn. You have to be in good physical condition and have put in the hours of training, but you also have to had trained your brain to conquer the mental battle that inevitably plays out somewhere along the route. Every marathon I have run has had some point where my legs said no and if my brain had agreed, I would never had finished. To complete a marathon you have to do the physical training, create the will to want to achieve the goal, and have the discipline and determination to see it through. When it comes to the family’s wellness you also have to combine the body, mind and spirit to achieve wholeness. True health is a balance of mind, body, and spirit, not just the absence of disease. In a marathon, when my legs falter, I can pick up the slack by being mentally determined to meet my goal. When my determination wanes, my will and spirit can get me back on track. Likewise, when we face physical ailments, our mental clarity can find solutions and perseverance and when we are emotionally spent, our physical well being allows us to push through the sadness and come out on the other side.
Finally, there is only one way to finish a marathon, and that is to put one foot in front of the other until you cross the finish line. I am the first to admit that the Kenyans generally do that much faster and with much greater style than I ever dreamed of, yet the fact remains that both they and I finished by taking one step at a time. The health of you and your family is a daily call to take that one step at a time. Just as there are potholes on Boylston street in Boston, so there will be potholes along the way of your health. We can dodge some, we may land in others, but the only outcome that matters is whether we get up and continue planting those feet. We all remember the tortoise and the hare. In life, and in health, slow and steady often does win the race. The idea of live fast, die young, and leave a good looking corpse appeals only to folks who have a Paris Hilton mentality. Health for life is a marathon, and it often is the slowest of the bunch that has the most fun.
Where and when did our addiction to sugar begin? Are we born with an innate desire to gorge on Krispy Kreme doughnuts and Pixie Sticks? I am beginning to think the drive to consume sweets is greater than the innate proclivity to cheat on taxes or make fun of Paris Hilton. Actually, sugar is a wonderful energy source; however, like most pleasures, we tend to grossly over indulge. Every great virtue taken to an extreme becomes a vice. We are designed to utilize a variety of foods to fuel our bodies and, in our country where food choices are more abundant than greedy politicians, what we eat is largely our choice.
As I mentioned in a previous column, last year I had the eye-opening experience of chaperoning a group of eighth graders on a bus trip to Washington, D.C. At one of the rest stops (and they were anything but) we unloaded at a “buy everything imaginable” mini-mart. This was a mere two hours after a healthy, bountiful breakfast, and the only real reason we stopped was at the request of the coffee-aholic, micro-bladdered bus driver. We told the kids they could get a single snack, and I stood by the bus door casually observing as the kids returned. I was dumbfounded by the hoards of Doritos (trans-fat heaven), trunks of Twinkies (most likely years old as they won’t decompose under any circumstance), cadres of candy bars, and storage bins of sodas that they carried onto the bus. It would have been cheaper to have bought a ten pound bag of sugar and thirty straws!
So why is so much sugar bad for us? Let me introduce a concept to help illustrate the potential damage.
The Glycemic Index is a measurement of the effect a food has on your blood sugar level. Some high sugar foods such as maple syrup, honey, and candy, as well as foods which are "starchy" such as carrots, potatoes, and cereals are rated high on the Glycemic Index. Other foods, especially foods high in fiber such as whole-grain rye bread and bran cereal, are rated low on the Glycemic Index because they do not produce such a rapid rise in blood sugar and insulin. In simple terms, when you eat high glycemic foods you will experience a substantial rise in your blood sugar level. This, in turn, raises your blood insulin level. Insulin is responsible for transporting glucose into muscle and storage cells for metabolism. Ask the average Joe or Josie what insulin does and most will reply, “It has something to do with blood sugar…right?” That’s kind of like saying, “Da Vinci…he painted pictures…right?” It is a bit more complicated than that.
Some researchers postulate that spikes in your insulin level can contribute to fat deposition. The higher and more prolonged the insulin reaction, the more likely your body is to convert sugar to fat. There are some holes in this theory; however, there is enough evidence to warrant limiting your intake of high glycemic carbohydrates. In addition, a rapid rise in insulin levels can drive the blood sugar too low, which results in hypoglycemic symptoms such as shakiness, foggy thinking, fatigue, and anxiety. A review of the current scientific literature revealed 15 out of 16 published studies found that the consumption of low-Glycemic Index foods delayed the return of hunger, decreased subsequent food intake, and increased satiety (feeling full) when compared to high-Glycemic Index foods. In addition, the results of several small short-term trials (1-4 months) suggest that low-glycemic load diets result in significantly more weight or fat loss than high-glycemic load diets. Simply stated, look for low glycemic carbohydrates and make them the staples of your daily intake. Can you safely eat high glycemic carbohydrates? Of course! Just do it in moderation.
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When it comes to sugar, the old adage “everything in moderation, nothing to excess” applies.